During the late 1920’s a settlement, Weissenhofsiedlung, was formed in the city of Stuttgart, unlike other settlements this was designed as a exposition by modern architects to show off to the world and one another their interpretation using modern styles, materials, technologies and ideas. Besides those architects who are represented by a design, there was one architect who was asked to create an addition to the development, however he refused because of some of the other styles and / or architects did not follow the same as he did. This architect was none other than Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos, known well for his styles being “indescribable” or “unable to be categorized with other structures” He believed that structures should reflect the surroundings of it through its façade, not by mimicry or ornamentation but through sightlines and the reflections of buildings in the pedestrian level glazing systems. His description of his belief was “[the] absent[s] of ornament, art became freed of social responsibility, able to project ideas into the future and criticize contemporary society.” In a majority of his buildings he brought to the individuals attention the division of spaces within the structure from the public to private sections. Many times this is represented through material changes between levels instead of horizontal divisions. This is different from the other architects such as Richard Docker who built a uniform language to describe the whole building instead of separating the ornamentation or façade to the internal uses and designation. The houses presented in Weissenhofsiedlung mostly shared the same language from the exterior into the interior of the structure uniting the structure, where as Loos thought it was important to create different languages between the interior and the exterior of the structure.
Loos’s disapproval of the style presented at Weissenhofsiedlung came from his theory that architecture was developed through evolution of forms and ideas where as the architects at this development looked at developing a new architectural style which was completely their own “new” style, never developed or designed before. Loos looked to their idea as inaccurate because nothing new can never be created randomly and because someone wants to create something, it is always based off of past knowledge or the subject and the world.
Finally looking to two different designs, Loos’s design of Maison Tzara, and Richard Docker’s House 22 in the Weissenhofsiedlung development. Maison Tzara, like stated above created a vertical division between the public and private locations of the structure.
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| Private Section |
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| Public Section |
Richard Docker's House was designed as one unit without the definition of public and private spaces obvious to the onlooker. It looks like a uniform function building... one may not tell the individual functions by the exterior structure or style.
Looking at floor plans and section of Maison Tzara it can be noticed that the layout and division of space is repeated on several floor directly above one another. This can also be noticed in the section of the buildings where there is one continuous wall from the footings to roof structure.
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| Wall Section - Wall extension from footing to roof |
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| First two floor follow the general shape and spacing as each other |
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| The upper floors also take on spacing characteristics and divisions like one another |
Richard Docker designed using common forms however they did not follow the exact shape and location of rooms and layouts.
http://www.weissenhof2002.de/english/weissenhof.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Loos
http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/France/Paris/Maison%20de%20Tristan%20Tzara
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=Maison+Tzara&hl=en&biw=1220&bih=677&tbs=isz:m&tbm=isch&tbnid=7MicjlYxKGMPFM:&imgrefurl=http://www.archweb.it/dwg/arch_arredi_famosi/Adolf_Loos/maison_Tzara/maison_Tzara.htm&docid=S9Qa-NsZKbSigM&w=540&h=447&ei=z-KDTvz8LYLQgAfw5e1P&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=596&page=1&tbnh=116&tbnw=140&start=0&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0&tx=81&ty=54
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ffenestr/3903533692/sizes/z/in/photostream/
